Evidence is presented to help courts understand disputed facts, but not every additional piece of evidence necessarily adds new information. In some situations, multiple witnesses or documents may establish the same point without providing any meaningful difference in what the…

A dismissal can bring litigation to an end, but there are circumstances in which a party may ask the court to reconsider that result. When this occurs, the court must determine whether sufficient grounds exist to set aside the dismissal…

Courts are generally limited to considering evidence that is properly presented through the litigation process. However, certain facts and sources of information may be recognized without requiring formal proof. One mechanism that allows this to occur is a request for…

Court proceedings are typically governed by deadlines that establish when motions must be filed, served, and heard. These scheduling requirements help provide fairness, predictability, and adequate time for all parties to prepare their positions before appearing before the court. In…

Depositions are a key part of the discovery process and provide parties with an opportunity to obtain testimony before trial. During a deposition, attorneys may raise objections to questions, instructions, or other aspects of the proceeding when they believe an…

Discovery plays a significant role in civil litigation by allowing parties to obtain information relevant to the issues in dispute. Courts typically establish deadlines that govern when discovery activities must be completed, helping cases progress in an orderly manner. In…

Pleadings play an important role in civil litigation by identifying the claims, defenses, and issues involved in a case. As litigation progresses, circumstances sometimes change, new information becomes available, or parties determine that revisions are necessary. In these situations, a…

A court judgment may establish financial obligations that extend beyond the amount originally awarded. In some situations, questions arise regarding how interest should be calculated on a judgment. When disagreements develop, courts may be asked to determine how interest applies…

Judgments are intended to formally document the outcome of a legal dispute and provide a clear record of the court’s decision. Because judgments can affect the rights and obligations of the parties involved, accuracy is an important part of the…

Court orders play an important role in the litigation process by establishing obligations, resolving disputes, or directing how certain aspects of a case will proceed. Once an order is issued, parties are generally expected to comply with its terms. However,…